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# Let's Look Again

A history of branded Britain

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## Posts

- [The Origins of Famous Brands](https://letslookagain.com/2026/04/the-origins-of-famous-brands/) - The UK edition of my debut book, The Origins of Famous Brands, is out now! https://www.amazon.co.uk/Origins-Famous-Brands-Thomas-Farrell/dp/1036133656 The United States edition is published on 25 June 2026.
- [The Sun never sets: how Rupert Murdoch built News Corp](https://letslookagain.com/2023/01/murdoch/) - How did Rupert Murdoch build a media empire? Early life Rupert Murdoch (born 1931) was the son of Keith Murdoch (1885 - 1952), who had rose from humble origins to become one of the most powerful newspaper barons in Australia. His grandfather was a Presbyterian minister from Aberdeen, Scotland. He was educated at Geelong, often
- [The Origins of Famous Brands: my debut book launch](https://letslookagain.com/2026/01/my-debut-book/) - My debut book, The Origins of Famous Brands, is now available for pre-order from Amazon here and Waterstones here. We take brands for granted: they surround us and pervade our everyday life. But have you ever wondered where they come from, and why they became successful? The histories are sometimes remarkable: how did Reebook emerge
- [Night on the tiles: Slaters restaurants](https://letslookagain.com/2016/05/slaters-restaurants/) - Slaters became one of the largest catering companies in the world. Slaters Thomas Slater (1794 - 1866) had established a butchers business on Kensington High Street by 1819. The business received a Royal Warrant to supply Queen Victoria from 1837. Soon, Slater supplied a large proportion of the Royal Family, and twelve of the leading gentlemen's
- [The English patent: Holloway's Pills](https://letslookagain.com/2020/09/the-english-patent-holloways-pills/) - How did Holloway's Pills and Ointment became the highest-selling medicines in the world? Thomas Holloway establishes his patent medicine business Thomas Holloway (1800 - 1883) was born at Devonport, the son of a baker. He was apprenticed to a chemist. Holloway relocated to London from 1828. He established himself as a merchant on Liverpool Street
- [Weaving history: John Crossley & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2015/01/weaving-history-john-crossley-sons/) - John Crossley & Sons of Halifax was the largest carpet manufacturer in the world throughout much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The business eventually declined as cheaper imports arrived from overseas, and the factory was closed in 1982. Establishment and growth John Crossley (1772 - 1837) was a hand weaver of carpets in Halifax,
- [Building bridges: Dorman Long](https://letslookagain.com/2016/01/building-bridges-dorman-long/) - Dorman Long was the largest steel and iron manufacturer in the British Empire, but is best known for its large structural engineering projects, such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Arthur Dorman Arthur John Dorman (1848 - 1931) was born in Ashford, Kent, the son of a tanning yard owner. He relocated to Middlesbrough in the North East of
- [Andrews Liver Salts](https://letslookagain.com/2020/07/andrews-liver-salts/) - How did Andrews Liver Salts became the highest-selling antacid in the world? Scott & Turner introduce Andrews Liver Salts William Henry Scott (1860 - 1922) and William Murdoch Turner (1862 - 1932) were proprietors of a successful wholesale margarine business at Gallowgate, Newcastle upon Tyne. Scott was a prominent Wesleyan Methodist. He was a well-liked
- [Weetman Pearson: Britain's oil baron](https://letslookagain.com/2016/11/engineering-success-s-pearson-son/) - Weetman Pearson was probably the most powerful British businessman in the early twentieth century. He transformed a family firm into the largest public works contractor in the world, and developed the Mexican oil industry. Background S Pearson & Son was a public works contractor founded by Samuel Pearson in Yorkshire in 1844. Weetman Pearson (1856
- [A history of TGI Friday's in the UK](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/tgi-fridays/) - TGI Friday's was one of the first American casual dining chains to expand overseas. Background Alan Stillman was a perfume salesman in New York City in the 1960s. He noticed that all the pubs and bars in the city were aimed at men. He recalled, "there were really no good places for singles to hang
- [Movers and shakers: a history of Burger King in the UK](https://letslookagain.com/2014/06/a-history-of-burger-king-in-the-uk/) - Burger King is the fourth largest restaurant chain in Britain. Early expansion in the UK Burger King was established in Florida in the United States in 1953. Burger King was the third-largest fast food chain in the world by the 1970s, behind only McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken. McDonald's had entered the British market in
- [Big cheese: Kraft in the UK](https://letslookagain.com/2015/03/a-history-of-kraft-uk/) - Kraft has operated in Britain for almost 100 years. Kraft brands include Dairylea and Philadelphia cream cheese. Kraft enters the British market James Lewis Kraft (1874 - 1953) was a Canadian of German descent. He began to sell cheese in Chicago from 1903. Kraft patented a pasteurisation process that extended the lifespan of cheese in
- [Raising the Barr: a history of Irn-Bru](https://letslookagain.com/2019/08/irnbru/) - How did Irn-Bru become the fourth highest-selling soft drink in Britain? Robert Barr establishes the business Robert Barr (1834 -1904) was born in Falkirk, Scotland, a town located between Glasgow and Edinburgh. He followed his father into the cork-cutting trade, largely supplying the drinks industry. The cork-cutting trade came under threat from the rise of
- [The joy of 5X: the aged beer from Greene King](https://letslookagain.com/2024/05/5x/) - Why is Greene King's 5X one of the most remarkable beers in the world? Blending in British beer Beer that is fermented for longer has the opportunity to develop unique and interesting flavours. Many British breweries of the Victorian era produced an aged "stock beer" that would be blended with a fresh "running beer" to
- [Lyons led by donkeys: the fall of a British empire (1945 - present)](https://letslookagain.com/2015/03/lyons-led-by-donkeys-the-fall-of-a-british-empire-1950-present/) - Part I, about the early history of J Lyons, can be found here. During the post-war period, J Lyons developed the first business computer in the world. It introduced household-name brands such as Ready Brek, Maryland Cookies and Wimpy Hamburger. Growth and continued success of J Lyons J Lyons was the largest catering company in
- [A history of Thomas Cook & Son (1841 - 2000)](https://letslookagain.com/2015/10/thomas-cook-son/) - Thomas Cook & Son pioneered popular tourism, and has ranked among the largest travel agencies in the world for much of its history. Early life of Thomas Cook Thomas Cook (1808 - 1892) was born in modest circumstances in Melbourne, Derbyshire. He was raised as a New Connexion Baptist. Thomas Cook was just four years
- [Clarnico of Hackney Wick (1872 - 2019)](https://letslookagain.com/2016/04/clarke-nickolls-coombs/) - Clarnico was the largest sugar confectionery manufacturer in Britain during the interwar period. The Clarnico Mint Cream continued to be produced until 2019. Establishment of Clarnico Clarke Nickolls & Co was established as a jam and marmalade manufacturer at Hackney Wick in East London in 1872. There was an initial workforce of ten people. Robert
- [On the rocks: H D Rawlings](https://letslookagain.com/2016/06/h-d-rawlings/) - H D Rawlings was one of the largest and most prestigious soft drinks manufacturers in Victorian England. The Rawlings family Rawlings & Co claimed an establishment date of 1815 in a press advertisement from 1860. John Rawlings (1771 - 1848), ginger beer manufacturer, was certainly based at Nassau Street, Fitzrovia by 1827. The exact address
- [Welsh fire: Idris & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2016/06/idris/) - How did Idris & Co became one of the largest soft drinks manufacturers in the world? Idris & Co is established Thomas Howell Williams (1842 - 1925) was born in Vallen, Pembrokeshire, the son of a Baptist farmer. As his first language was Welsh, he did not learn to speak English until he was eight
- [A history of Lambert & Butler](https://letslookagain.com/2019/09/lambert-butler/) - How did Lambert & Butler become the leading cigarette brand in Britain? Lambert & Butler establish the business Charles Lambert (1814 - 1887) and Charles Butler (1813 - 1882) established a cigar manufacturing business at 38 St John Street in Clerkenwell, London from 1834. Lambert & Butler relocated to 142 Drury Lane, near Covent Garden,
- [Fillerys Toffees of Birmingham](https://letslookagain.com/2019/03/fillerys-toffees-of-birmingham/) - How did Fillerys become one of the largest toffee manufacturers in Britain? Thomas Carey Fillery (1892 - 1977) was born in Hawkhurst in Kent, the son of a grocery shopkeeper. By 1916 he was sub-manager at Edward Sharp & Sons in Maidstone, one of the largest toffee manufacturers in Britain. Fillerys Toffees was established in
- [Strange but true: Meredith & Drew](https://letslookagain.com/2015/11/meredith-drew/) - Meredith & Drew became the largest biscuit manufacturer in Europe. William Meredith William Meredith (1803 - 1868) was born in Bristol. He established a bakery at Shadwell in East London in 1830. William George Drew (1813 - 1867) was employed as his principal assistant. Following a quarrel between the two men, William Drew left the
- [So long, Ceylon: Mazawattee Tea Co](https://letslookagain.com/2015/03/a-history-of-the-mazawattee-tea-company/) - Mazawattee was the highest selling brand of tea in the world. John Densham & Sons introduce Mazawattee Tea John Boon Densham (1815 - 1886) was a Plymouth chemist. He relocated to Croydon in the 1860s. With a Mr C Lees he entered the wholesale tea business to form Lees & Densham. The business was based
- [A history of KP Snacks](https://letslookagain.com/2017/01/go-nuts-kenyon-son-craven/) - KP is the second largest snack foods manufacturer in Britain. Charles Kenyon establishes the business Charles Kenyon (1832 - 1893) was born at Brierley in South Yorkshire. He served an apprenticeship to a confectioner in Barnsley. Kenyon established a confectionery business on College Street, Rotherham, from 1853. His main manufacture was jam. Kenyon relocated production
- [Beer we go again: E Smithwick & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2019/11/beer-we-go-again-e-smithwick-sons/) - How did Smithwick's rise from relative obscurity to become the largest ale brewer in Ireland? Origins and the Edmond Smithwick era The Smithwicks were a well-established and highly-respected Catholic family in Kilkenny, Ireland. John Smithwick (1763 - 1842) entered into business as a wholesale and general grocer with premises on Kilkenny High Street. From modest
- [Magnate personality: John Ellerman](https://letslookagain.com/2020/01/john-ellerman/) - How did John Ellerman become the richest man in Britain? Early life John Reeves Ellerman (1862 - 1933) was born in Hull, a large port town on the Yorkshire coast. He was the son of Johann Herman Ellerman (1819 - 1871), a shipbroker and corn merchant who had emigrated from Hamburg in the 1840s. His
- [The vat of the land: Beaufoy & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2020/04/the-vat-of-the-land-beaufoy-co/) - Beaufoy & Co was the largest vinegar brewer in Britain. Mark Beaufoy establishes the business Mark Beaufoy (1719 - 1782) was the son of a Quaker maltster from Evesham, Worcestershire. The Beaufoy family claimed Huguenot ancestry. Mark Beaufoy was apprenticed to a gin distiller in Bristol. A guilty conscience ultimately convinced him to leave the
- [Oranges and lemons: Samuel Hanson & Son](https://letslookagain.com/2020/08/oranges-and-lemons-samuel-hanson-son/) - Samuel Hanson & Son traded independently for over 200 years. The early years of the business Samuel Hanson established premises at 47 Botolph Lane in the City of London from 1747. The Hanson family are believed to have originated from Yorkshire. Hanson traded as a fruit importer, mostly dealing in oranges, but also importing lemons
- [Fuelled growth: a history of F Perkins](https://letslookagain.com/2022/05/fuelled-growth-a-history-of-f-perkins/) - How did F Perkins become the largest manufacturer of diesel engines in the world? Establishment of F Perkins Francis "Frank" Arthur Perkins (1889 - 1967) and Charles Wallace Chapman (1897 - 1979) decided to develop a lightweight diesel engine for use in trucks and lorries. They were convinced that a diesel engine could be made
- [On point: Edward Sharp & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2015/09/on-point-edward-sharp-sons-of-maidstone/) - Edward Sharp & Sons was the largest toffee manufacturer in the world. Edward Sharp establishes a confectionery factory Edward Sharp (1854 - 1931) was born in Maidstone, Kent. He was a dedicated Congregationalist. After attending the local grammar school, Sharp became an apprentice at the Springfield Mill, a Maidstone paper factory where his father was
- [Worth a mint: Barker & Dobson](https://letslookagain.com/2016/01/barker-dobson/) - How did Barker & Dobson become one of the largest confectionery manufacturers in Britain? Origins Joseph Dobson (1801 - 1864) established a grocery shop on Henry Street in Liverpool from 1834. He was declared bankrupt in 1841. Using the maiden name of his wife, he commenced trade as Barker & Dobson from 1844 and the
- [All in their hands: Walters' Palm Toffee](https://letslookagain.com/2015/09/the-poplar-toffee-walters-palm/) - Walters' Palm Toffee was one of the largest toffee manufacturers in Britain. Nathan Walters establishes the business Nathan Baraf Walters (1867 - 1957) was a Jewish Romanian from Botosani. He established a toffee manufacturing business at Poplar, London in 1887. Palm Toffee was the main product, so-called because it was made from palm butter. Walters
- [Admirable feat: Lilley & Skinner](https://letslookagain.com/2016/01/admirable-feat-lilley-skinner/) - Lilley & Skinner was one of the largest footwear retailers in Britain, and operated the largest shoe shop in the world for many years. Early history Thomas Lilley (1814 - 1899) established a shoe manufacturing business at Southwark, London in 1835. He sold ready-to-wear shoes, a relative novelty for the time, when most footwear was
- [Soap opera: R S Hudson](https://letslookagain.com/2022/07/hudson/) - Robert Spear Hudson introduced the first commercial soap powder in the world in 1837. The business he established later introduced the Omo and Rinso detergent products. Establishment Robert Spear Hudson (1812 – 1884) was born in West Bromwich in the West Midlands of England. His father was the pastor of the local Congregationalist church. Hudson
- [On the trail: a history of Slug and Lettuce](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/slug-and-lettuce/) - Slug and Lettuce is a British chain of bar restaurants with 70 outlets. Slug and Lettuce was established by entrepreneur Hugh Corbett (born 1943) in 1985. Corbett brought a degree of trendiness and relative luxury to his pubs, with an increased focus on wine and food. His pubs were all given nonsensical names, which differentiated
- [Yeast resistance: Marmite](https://letslookagain.com/2016/03/yeast-resistance-marmite/) - Marmite is a thick, black yeast extract product. Around 25 million jars are sold every year. The Marmite business is established German scientist Justus von Liebig (1803 - 1873) discovered that spent brewers' yeast was edible in the late nineteenth century. By adding vegetable extracts, it could be rendered as nutritious as meat extract. The Marmite Food
- [Irons in the fire: Bolckow Vaughan](https://letslookagain.com/2015/12/bolckowvaughan/) - Bolckow Vaughan was the largest manufacturer of pig iron and steel in the world. Bolckow and Vaughan establish the business Henry William Ferdinand Bolckow (1806 - 1878) was born in Germany and emigrated to Newcastle upon Tyne. He made a fortune in the corn trade as a partner in C Allhusen & Co. Bolckow entered
- [Business cycles: a history of Raleigh](https://letslookagain.com/2015/02/business-cycles-a-history-of-raleigh/) - Raleigh was the largest manufacturer of bicycles in the world throughout much of its history. Frank Bowden establishes the business Frank Bowden (1848 - 1921) was the son of a Bristol manufacturer. He trained as a lawyer, and went to Hong Kong to make his fortune. Bowden was successful, but the Asian climate had destroyed
- [Cracking the market: a history of Jacob's](https://letslookagain.com/2016/02/cream-of-the-crop-jacobs-of-aintree/) - Over a billion Jacob's Cream Crackers were consumed in 2013. W & R Jacob is established W&R Jacob was founded by two Quaker brothers, William and Robert Jacob, in Waterford, Ireland in 1851. Shortly afterwards the business relocated to Peter's Row, Dublin. A fire completely destroyed their factory in 1880. W&R Jacob completely rebuilt and
- [Sonic boom: the saga of SegaWorld London](https://letslookagain.com/2014/01/segaworld/) - SegaWorld London opened as the largest indoor theme park in the world. It was closed after just three years. What went wrong? Background Nigel Wray (born 1948) and Nick Leslau (born 1959) acquired the Trocadero, a large building on Piccadilly Circus, London, for £96 million in 1994. A profile in the Evening Standard described Wray
- [Sega World Sydney](https://letslookagain.com/2023/06/segaworldsydney/) - Sega World Sydney joined its sister theme park SegaWorld London as a high-profile failure. What went wrong? Background Sega World Sydney was a joint venture between Jacfun, a property consortium led by Kevin Bermeister (born 1960), and Sega. Kevin Bermeister was the general manager of the park. Sega World Sydney was modelled on Sega's Joypolis
- [Which mint came first: Polo or Life Savers?](https://letslookagain.com/2015/03/polo/) - Polo and Life Savers are ring-shaped mints. When two near identical products emerge in two separate markets, it can sometimes be a coincidence. Sometimes it's just blatant imitation. Life Savers Clarence A Crane (1875 - 1931) was an American chocolate manufacturer. To offset low summer sales, he introduced the Life Saver mint in 1912. The
- [Leverage: a history of Dr Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa](https://letslookagain.com/2018/04/dr-tibbles-vi-cocoa/) - Dr Tibbles' Vi-Cocoa was a popular energy restorative in the Victorian era. At its height it was one of the highest-selling cocoa-based drinks in Britain. William Tibbles introduces Vi-Cocoa William Tibbles (1834 - 1912) was born into impoverished circumstances in Leicester, in the English Midlands. The family resided in the workhouse at the time of the 1851
- [Life's a bleach: a history of Domestos](https://letslookagain.com/2018/09/domestos/) - How did Domestos become the leading bathroom disinfectant in the world? W A Handley establishes the Domestos business Wilfred Augustine Handley (1901 -1975), was the son of a blacksmith employed in the Tyneside shipbuilding industry. W A Handley trained as a dental mechanic. As a side project, he manufactured chemicals in his garden shed. He
- [How the London Brick Company was built](https://letslookagain.com/2023/03/how-the-london-brick-company-was-built/) - How did London Brick become the largest brickmaker in the world? John Cathles Hill establishes London Brick John Cathles Hill (1857 - 1915) was born outside Dundee in Scotland. He followed his father into the wheelwright and cartwright profession. Hill relocated to London in 1878 and worked as a joiner. He established his own business
- [Ring their praises: Bell Brothers](https://letslookagain.com/2017/05/bell-brothers/) - Bell Brothers was the second largest producer of pig iron in the North of England. Bell Brothers Thomas Bell (1774 - 1845) was born at Lowhurst, Cumberland. He entered the business of Losh & Co of Newcastle upon Tyne, a firm of merchants which was branching out into the manufacture of alkali and iron, in
- [Engine of growth: Richardsons Westgarth](https://letslookagain.com/2015/10/richardsons-westgarth-of-hartlepool/) - Richardsons Westgarth was the largest builder of marine engines in the world. Thomas Richardson & Sons Thomas Richardson (1793 -1850), a timber merchant turned shipbuilder, established an iron foundry in the village of Castle Eden, Durham in 1838. Richardson relocated to more spacious premises at Middleton, situated between West Hartlepool and Old Hartlepool, from 1846. The
- [Head of steam: William Gray & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2015/10/head-of-steam-william-gray-co/) - William Gray & Co was the largest shipbuilder in the world. The founder, Sir William Gray, was largely responsible for the growth of the town of Hartlepool. Denton & Gray is established William Gray (1823 - 1898) was born in Blyth, Northumberland. He established himself as a draper in the growing port town of Hartlepool,
- [Swan Hunter of Wallsend](https://letslookagain.com/2015/10/swan-hunter-of-wallsend/) - Swan Hunter was the largest shipbuilder in the world by the early twentieth century. The yard constructed 1,600 ships, including the RMS Mauretania (1906), HMS Ark Royal and numerous supertankers before its closure in 2006. Swan Hunter is established George Burton Hunter (1846 - 1937) partnered with the widow of Charles Sheridan Swan and became
- [A Wear we go: William Doxford](https://letslookagain.com/2016/01/william-doxford-of-pallion/) - Doxford of Sunderland was the largest shipbuilder, and the largest manufacturer of marine engines in the world. The business is established William Doxford (1812–1882) established a shipyard at Coxgreen, Sunderland, from 1840. He built wooden sailing ships. Doxford relocated the works to Pallion, Sunderland from 1858. Here, he began to build composite vessels; ships made
- [Roaring trade: a history of J Lyons (1894 - 1945)](https://letslookagain.com/2014/09/the-rise-and-demise-of-the-j-lyons-empire/) - How did J Lyons become the largest catering business in the world within 30 years? J Lyons is established, and the first tea rooms are opened Barnett Salmon (1829 – 1897) and Isidore Gluckstein (1851 – 1920) established a successful chain of tobacconists. Montagu Gluckstein (1854 - 1922), a salesman for the firm, lamented the
- [As easy as: ABC tea shops](https://letslookagain.com/2015/06/abctea/) - The ABC tea shop was a ubiquitous part of early twentieth century London life, mentioned by T S Eliot and Virginia Woolf, and lambasted by George Orwell. Origins The Aerated Bread Company (ABC) was incorporated in London with a nominal capital of £500,000 in 1862. The business was formed in order to manufacture bread using a
- [From little acorns: Ye Olde Oak](https://letslookagain.com/2018/10/from-little-acorns-rowland-smith/) - Ye Olde Oak is the leading hot dog brand in Britain. Origins of the business Robert J Smith (born 1832) was a cattle dealer from Boston, Lincolnshire. He had relocated to Liverpool, which was a leading hub for the cattle trade, by 1871. Rowland James Smith (1864 - 1926) succeeded his father as head of
- [Life Saver: James Pascall](https://letslookagain.com/2015/03/a-history-of-james-pascall/) - James Pascall was one of the largest sugar confectionery manufacturers in Britain. The company claimed to have invented the individually-wrapped bon-bon. Pascall remains a leading sweets brand in Australia. James Pascall establishes the business James Pascall (1838 - 1918) was born in the south London town of Croydon. He was the son of a baker
- [Champion & Co: leading vinegar brewers](https://letslookagain.com/2015/07/champion-co-vinegar-brewers/) - Champion & Co became the fourth largest vinegar brewer in Britain and Ireland. The Champion family establish and grow the business Champion & Co, vinegar brewers, traced its establishment to 1705. In an age before refrigeration, vinegar was a much more important commodity than it is today, due to its preservative effect on foodstuffs. William
- [Machinations: Batger & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2015/09/batger-co/) - Batger & Co was the largest jam manufacturer in Britain by the 1870s, and became one of the largest employers in East London, with a workforce of 2,000 people. Batger & Co was acquired by Needlers in 1970. Is last-surviving product, Chinese Figs, was discontinued around the turn of the 21st century. Origins The Batger
- [Whiff of success: Henri Wintermans](https://letslookagain.com/2017/10/whiff-of-success-henri-wintermans/) - How did Henri Wintermans become the highest-selling cigar brand in the world? A Wintermans & Sons is established Two brothers, Sjaak Wintermans and Henri Wintermans (1886 - 1975), established a cigar manufacturing business at Duizel, in the Netherlands, from 1904. They traded as A Wintermans & Sons, in honour of their father. Sjaak focused on
- [Water way to go: Apollinaris](https://letslookagain.com/2019/10/water-way-to-go-apollinaris/) - How did Apollinaris became the highest-selling mineral water in the world? Establishment of the company and growth George Murray Smith (1824 - 1901) was the head of a successful London publishing business. He first encountered Apollinaris spring water whilst dining with Ernest Hart (1835 - 1898), the editor of the British Medical Journal, in 1872.
- [Great Scot: James Buchanan & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2022/02/great-scot-james-buchanan-co/) - James Buchanan helped to establish sales of Scotch whisky in England, and died as one of the richest men in Britain. Buchanan's remains the third highest-selling Scotch whisky brand in the world. James Buchanan helps to establish Scotch whisky sales in London James Buchanan (1849 - 1935) was born to Scottish parents in Ontario, Canada.
- [Bubble market: William Gossage & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2020/10/a-bubble-market-william-gossage-sons/) - William Gossage & Sons was the largest soap manufacturer in the United Kingdom, and possibly the world, by 1877. Early life and Stoke Prior William Gossage (1799 – 1877) was born in Lincolnshire. After serving an apprenticeship to his uncle in Chesterfield, Gossage commenced trade as a chemist and druggist at Leamington Spa in Warwickshire.
- [Stocking trade: N Corah of Leicester](https://letslookagain.com/2018/01/n-corah-of-leicester/) - N Corah operated the largest hosiery factory in Britain and employed 6,500 people. Origins and early success Nathaniel Corah (1776 - 1832) was a Baptist from Bagworth, a Leicestershire village. He entered into the local knitting industry, and trained as a framesmith. Corah established himself as a hosiery trader in Leicester from 1815. He would
- [A brief history of Imperial Tobacco](https://letslookagain.com/2015/07/a-brief-history-of-imperial-tobacco/) - Imperial Tobacco dominated the British tobacco trade throughout much of the twentieth century. Background and formation Wills of Bristol employed about 1,000 workers by 1889. The business was best known for the Woodbine brand. Informed by their Congregationalist principles, the Wills family had, by 1895, introduced financing for a staff canteen, a convalescent home, a sanatorium,
- [By gum: Wrigley's in the UK](https://letslookagain.com/2015/09/by-gum-wrigleys-in-the-uk/) - Wrigley's pioneered sales of chewing gum in Britain. The business held 93 percent of the British gum market in 2016. Establishment of the business William Wrigley Jr (1861 - 1932), an American chewing gum manufacturer, formed a British subsidiary in 1911. With a capital of £2,000 he established a warehouse on Lambeth Palace Road and
- [Meat the House of Vestey](https://letslookagain.com/2015/04/invested-a-history-of-vestey-brothers/) - Vestey Brothers was the largest meat business in the world. The business controlled one third of the refrigerated storage capacity in Britain and two thirds of multiple butchers shops. It accounted for 20 percent of all meat imported into Britain. The Vesteys became the second wealthiest family in Britain after the Royals. Origins and early
- [Marching orders: Palmer of Jarrow](https://letslookagain.com/2015/12/palmer-of-jarrow/) - Palmer's of Jarrow was the largest shipbuilder in the world throughout much of the latter half of the nineteenth century. Jarrow became nicknamed "Palmer's Town". The Palmer brothers establish a shipbuilding works Charles Mark Palmer (1822 - 1907) was born in South Shields, the son of a merchant and shipowner. Charles Palmer partnered with John
- [Ship shape: Furness Withy](https://letslookagain.com/2015/10/furness-withy/) - How did Furness Withy become the third largest shipping company in the world? The origins of the shipping business John Furness (1808 - 1885) was a coal trimmer who lived in West Hartlepool, Durham. He married the daughter of his employer, Averil Wilson, and established a provisions and grocery business. Under the leadership of his
- [Squaring off: Wendy's Hamburgers in the UK](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/wendys-hamburgers/) - Wendy's is the third largest hamburger chain in the world. It has failed twice in the British market- will it succeed on its third attempt? Wendy's and Grand Metropolitan Wendy's entered the British market with a flagship restaurant on Oxford Street in 1980. For trademark reasons it was called Wendy, not Wendy's. The operation was
- [Rare pleasure: a history of J&B whisky](https://letslookagain.com/2014/05/jb-scotch-whisky/) - How did J&B Rare become the fifth highest-selling spirit in the world? J&B Rare is introduced to the United States Long-established London wine merchants Justerini & Brooks introduced J&B Rare, a blended Scotch whisky, from 1936. J&B Rare was conceived of as an export brand. Its straw-gold body, and light, smooth, delicate character was designed
- [News to me: W H Smith](https://letslookagain.com/2014/10/a-history-of-w-h-smith/) - W H Smith had almost 1,300 branches, a turnover of over £1.1 billion and just under 15,000 employees in 2013. Early history Henry Walton Smith (1738 - 1792) established a news stand on The Strand, London, in 1792. Smith died just a few months later and was eventually succeeded by his son, William Henry Smith.
- [Game for a go: Dave & Buster's](https://letslookagain.com/2015/02/bass-missteps-dave-busters/) - Bass was one of the largest hospitality companies in mid-1990s Britain. The company had successfully introduced popular chain pubs such as All Bar One and O'Neills earlier in the decade. Dave & Buster's was a burger bar/video game arcade hybrid. Bass opened its first D&B in Solihull in the West Midlands in 1997. A second outlet
- [Bouncing back: Dunlop Slazenger](https://letslookagain.com/2014/01/339/) - How did Dunlop Slazenger become one of the largest manufacturers of sporting equipment in the world? Dunlop was established as a rubber goods company in 1889. In 1909, it moved into sporting goods when it began to manufacture 144 golf balls a day at Manor Mill in Birmingham. In their first year, Dunlop balls won
- [Crepe expectations: Grout & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2016/04/crapes-of-wrath-grout-co/) - Grout & Co was the largest manufacturer of crepe in Britain. Grout & Co is established Joseph Grout (1781 - 1853) was born in Bocking, Essex. The family were apparently descended from Huguenot refugees from the Low Countries, and anglicized their name from Groot. Joseph Grout became a saddle and harness maker. He began to
- [Munch time: a history of Happy Eater](https://letslookagain.com/2015/01/a-history-of-happy-eater/) - Little Chef dominated roadside catering in Britain, and inspired a rival, Happy Eater, which it was later allowed to acquire. Happy Eater was established by Michael Pickard in 1973. Michael Pickard had managed Little Chef, but had been dismissed, supposedly following a personality clash with its owner, Sir Charles Forte. Pickard established a rival to
- [The rise and fall of the Little Chef empire (1958 - 2018)](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/the-rise-and-fall-of-little-chef/) - Little Chef was the largest restaurant chain in Britain with 433 outlets. The Little Chef concept is developed Sam Alper (1924 - 2002), a caravan manufacturer, and Peter Merchant, a caterer, had been inspired by diner caravans they had seen in America. They introduced the concept to Britain when they opened the first Little Chef
- [A shoe in: Freeman Hardy & Willis](https://letslookagain.com/2015/11/freeman-hardy-willis/) - Freeman Hardy & Willis was the largest footwear retailer in the world. Edward Wood (1839 - 1917) was born in Derby, the son of a railway engine driver. As was typical for the era, his schooling ended at the age of ten. Wood relocated to Leicester, where he initially worked as an errand boy. He
- [Making bacon: Henry Denny & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2018/03/making-bacon-henry-denny-sons/) - Henry Denny & Sons was the largest bacon producer in Europe. Henry Denny Henry Denny (1790 - 1870) was born in Waterford, Ireland, to a Protestant shoemaker. He established himself as a provisions merchant in Waterford. Denny was initially in partnership with a Simon Max, but began trading independently from 1820. Waterford was the centre
- [Biscuit empire: Huntley & Palmers (Part I)](https://letslookagain.com/2014/12/taking-the-biscuit-a-history-of-huntley-palmer/) - Huntley & Palmers became the largest manufacturer of biscuits in the world. George Palmer (1818 - 1897) was born to a Quaker farming family in Somerset. His mother was a cousin of Cyrus and James Clark, founders of the well-known shoe manufacturing business. George Palmer was apprenticed to an uncle as a miller and confectioner
- [Biscuit empire: Huntley & Palmers (Part II)](https://letslookagain.com/2016/10/the-nice-biscuit-makers-huntley-palmer-part-ii/) - This article continues from Part I. Part II chronicles the decline of Huntley & Palmers from its position as the largest biscuit manufacturer in the world. Registered as a company Huntley & Palmers was registered as a private limited company in 1898. Huntley & Palmers was the 38th largest British industrial company in 1905, with
- [Baking history: William Crawford & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2017/06/william-crawford-sons/) - Crawford's was the fourth largest biscuit manufacturer in Britain, and the longest-established. The brand continues today as the economy sister brand to McVitie's. Origins and early growth Ship biscuits were first produced at 31 Shore, a public house in Leith, Edinburgh, from 1813. Robert Mathie (1789 - 1863) took over the business from 1817. The
- [How Bryant & May met their match](https://letslookagain.com/2016/03/met-their-match-bryant-may/) - Bryant & May was the largest matchstick manufacturer in Britain. It remains a leading premium brand of matches. Establishment William Bryant (1804 - 1874) and Francis May (1803 -1885), two Quakers from Plymouth, entered into partnership to manufacture tallow and candles from 1844. Bryant & May acquired the British rights to the safety match from
- [Popular: Ben Shaw's of Huddersfield](https://letslookagain.com/2016/05/ben-shaws-of-huddersfield/) - Ben Shaw's is one of the few regional survivors of the British soft drink industry. 30 million cans of Ben Shaw's soft drinks are sold every year. Benjamin Shaw establishes the business Benjamin Shaw (1836 - 1901) was born at Kirkheaton, Huddersfield, the son of a farm labourer. He found work in the Huddersfield textile trade,
- [Suite success: Maple & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2016/03/maple-co/) - Maple & Co was the largest furniture retailer in the world. John Maple establishes the business John Maple (1815 - 1900) was born in Greenhurst, Sussex, the son of a small farmer. He served an apprenticeship at a general store. Maple partnered with James Cook to form Maple & Cook, furnishers and drapers of Tottenham
- [Curry favour: a history of J A Sharwood](https://letslookagain.com/2017/02/curry-favour-j-a-sharwood/) - Sharwood's is the leading Asian food brand in Britain. James Allen Sharwood James Allen Sharwood (1859 - 1941) was born in Islington, London. He was named for his grandfather, a prosperous Fenchurch Street wholesale druggist. Sharwood's mother was a Scottish-born schoolmistress, who instilled in him the importance of paying attention to details. Sharwood's father was
- [Fishy tales: E Lazenby & Son](https://letslookagain.com/2015/02/something-fishy-a-history-of-e-lazenby-sons/) - Lazenby's was one of the largest sauce manufacturers in Britain. Their flagship Harvey's fish sauce was a popular condiment in Victorian homes. Peter Harvey Peter Harvey (1749 - 1812) was a chef to the Duke of Bolton (1720 - 1794). Harvey had left to become the landlord of the Red Lion in Bagshot, a large posthouse
- [Close but no cigar: Cope Brothers](https://letslookagain.com/2017/01/close-but-no-cigar-cope-brothers/) - Cope Brothers of Liverpool operated the largest tobacco factory in the world. Establishment George Cope (1823 - 1888) and Thomas Cope (1827 - 1884) began to sell cigars, snuff and tobacco from 63 Paradise Street, Liverpool from 1848. Cope Brothers had entered into tobacco manufacturing by 1853, with a factory on Lord Nelson Street, adjacent
- [Henry Sarson & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2016/01/biblical-proportions-henry-sarson-sons/) - Sarson's is the leading brand of malt vinegar in Britain. Early days Sarson's claimed in 1860 that the business had been established for "upwards of fifty years", which suggests an establishment date of around 1810. A Mr Sarson was established as a vinegar brewer on Craven Street, City Road, London, by 1822. Premises had been
- [The Salt King: John Corbett](https://letslookagain.com/2017/06/salt-of-the-earth-john-corbett/) - John Corbett was by far the largest producer of salt in Britain. The early life of John Corbett John Corbett (1817 - 1901) was the son of Joseph Corbett, a Shropshire farmer. Joseph Corbett relocated to Birmingham, where he established a successful canal freight business. John Corbett left school at the age of ten, and
- [Building a business: Smeed Dean](https://letslookagain.com/2015/11/rich-indeed-smeed-dean/) - How did an illiterate man establish the largest brickworks in Britain? George Smeed George Smeed (1811 - 1881) was born in Sittingbourne, Kent. He received little formal education. He worked for a period as a hawker, sleeping underneath roadside bushes at night. Eventually he saved enough money to buy a small public house. Smeed acquired
- [Blue Circle: cementing its place in history](https://letslookagain.com/2014/09/a-brief-history-of-associated-portland-cement/) - Associated Portland Cement was the largest manufacturer of cement in the world throughout much of the twentieth century. It became best known for its Blue Circle brand. Foundations At the turn of the twentieth century the British cement industry was faced with increasing competition from Continental and American producers. Henry Osborne O'Hagan (1853 - 1930)
- [A slice of history: Bakers Oven](https://letslookagain.com/2014/07/the-history-of-bakers-oven/) - Bakers Oven was the largest bakery chain in Britain. Greggs is a fast food chain with more outlets in Britain than McDonald's. Specialising in value and convenience, outlets sell sandwiches, but remain best known for "treat" food: sausage rolls, pasties, vanilla slices etc. Greggs' dominance in the UK was established when it acquired Bakers Oven,
- [Meta post #2: the most popular pages on this site](https://letslookagain.com/2018/11/meta-post-2-the-most-popular-pages-on-this-site/) - The letslookagain.com top ten posts. Smith's crisps, also with reference to Walkers and Golden Wonder. Callard & Bowser was a victim of the success of its own Altoids mints Goodall, Backhouse & Co, the Yorkshire Relish producers. Keiller marmalade. People are often most curious about brands that have disappeared in the recent past. It's a question
- [H J Packer of Bristol](https://letslookagain.com/2016/12/h-j-packer-of-bristol/) - H J Packer was the largest low-cost chocolate manufacturer in the world. Packer and Burrows Edward Packer (1848 - 1887) was a Quaker who worked for J S Fry & Sons of Bristol, a chocolate manufacturer, in the 1870s. Edward Packer left Fry & Sons to commence chocolate manufacture for himself from 1881. He worked
- [The sweet and sour history of Haywards pickles](https://letslookagain.com/2016/10/the-sweet-and-sour-history-of-haywards-pickles/) - Haywards is the leading pickled vegetable brand in Britain. Establishment Robert Hayward (born 1847) was born at Newington in Southwark, London, the son of a corn merchant. He was a dedicated Baptist. Hayward established a pickle manufacturing business at Montford Place, Kennington, from 1869. He initially distributed his wares from a horse and cart. Hayward
- [Just desserts: a history of Pearce Duff](https://letslookagain.com/2016/08/pearce-duff/) - Pearce Duff is the leading powdered blancmange brand in Britain. Origins Pearce Duff was established by William Pearce and William Henry Duff (1793 - 1874), a Hampshire-born cook, in 1847. Baking powder and egg substitute powder were produced from a private home. Growing sales saw the business relocate to a factory at Long Lane, Borough,
- [A history of John White shoes](https://letslookagain.com/2016/04/john-white/) - John White was the largest shoemaking company in Britain. John White enters the shoe trade John White (1885 - 1974) was born into a strict Calvinist Baptist family. His ancestors had been engaged in the shoemaking trade since the mid-eighteenth century. White was trained as a clicker, one who cuts the uppers of shoes and boots
- [Comfort for the table: Epps Cocoa](https://letslookagain.com/2016/12/comfort-for-the-table-epps-cocoa/) - Epps was the leading brand of cocoa in Victorian Britain. Dr John Epps invents an instant cocoa Dr John Epps (1805 - 1869) was the son of a wealthy Calvinist provision merchant in London. Dr Epps became one of the pioneers of homeopathy in Britain. He established premises at Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury. He was joined
- [Lessons on brand custodianship](https://letslookagain.com/2021/08/lessons-on-brand-custodianship/) - This post looks to explore why some well-established brands fail. Introduction: give me some sugar Henry Tate (1819 - 1899), the proprietor of Tate & Lyle sugar, once described the nature of his highly lucrative business: "[I] pull on a string and gold sovereigns come tumbling down". Tate & Lyle sugar is still a highly
- [Sauce material: an overview of brown sauce](https://letslookagain.com/2015/02/a-history-of-english-brown-sauce/) - HP is the highest-selling brown sauce in Britain and Canada. A1 has higher sales in the United States and Japan. Yorkshire Relish retains popularity in Ireland. OK sauce remains popular in China. In Japan they have their own brown sauce inspired by the English version called tonkatsu sauce. Arguably the ur-type brown sauce was Lea
- [For your pleasure: George Payne & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2015/12/for-your-pleasure-george-payne-co/) - George Payne & Co became the largest tea merchant firm in the world. The business is best-known today for Poppets, a chocolate-coated toffee confectionery. Largest tea merchants in the world George Daniel Payne (1845 - 1927) was a tea buyer and blender for Brooke Bond. He was recognised as a forthright figure. Payne established George Payne
- [Baking point: George Borwick & Sons](https://letslookagain.com/2016/07/george-borwick-sons/) - Borwick's was the highest-selling baking powder in the world. George Borwick establishes the business George Borwick (1807 - 1889) was born in Cartmel, Lancashire. He worked as a teacher in West Bromwich and married Jane Hudson (1807 - 1868), the daughter of a Congregationalist minister, in 1831. Borwick's brother in law, Robert Spear Hudson (1812 - 1884), had introduced
- [Footnotes: George Oliver & Co of Leicester](https://letslookagain.com/2015/11/george-oliver/) - George Oliver was the largest retailer of shoes and boots in the world. George Oliver establishes a shoe retail business George Oliver (1836 - 1896) was born in Barrow upon Soar, Leicestershire, to humble circumstances. He was apprenticed to a cordwainer (shoemaker) in his native village. Oliver opened his first shoe shop in Willenhall, Staffordshire
- [Steely resolve: Consett Iron Company](https://letslookagain.com/2016/02/steely-resolve-consett-iron-company/) - The Consett Iron Company was the largest steel manufacturer in the world. The Derwent Iron Works were established Consett, County Durham, in 1840. The works were the largest in England by 1860, with eleven blast furnaces on a site of over 70 acres and a workforce of nearly 4,000 men and boys. Despite its scale,
- [All's fair in war: Faire Brothers of Leicester](https://letslookagain.com/2015/12/alls-fair-in-war-faire-brothers-of-leicester/) - Faire Brothers of Leicester operated the largest shoe findings factory in England. Watkin Lewis Faire (1819 - 1892) was born in Kidderminster. He relocated to Leicester from 1850 to work as an agent for the Leicester Temperance Society. He visited 3,030 houses in 1851. Faire established Faire Brothers, lace manufacturers, in partnership with his brother in
- [The sparkling history of Cantrell & Cochrane](https://letslookagain.com/2016/06/the-sparkling-history-of-cantrell-cochrane/) - Cantrell & Cochrane was the largest manufacturer of soft drinks in the world. T J Cantrell establishes the business Thomas Joseph Cantrell (1827 - 1909) was born in Dublin. He qualified as a medical practitioner and became a principal assistant at Grattan & Co, a Belfast firm of chemists. Grattan & Co also manufactured soft
- [On the skids: Dunlop Rubber](https://letslookagain.com/2014/02/dunlop-rubber/) - Dunlop Rubber was one of the leading rubber manufacturers in the world. Its presence at Fort Dunlop in Birmingham ended after almost 100 years in 2014. Establishment and growth of the business John Boyd Dunlop (1840 - 1921) was a Scotsman who developed the pneumatic tyre. Harvey du Cros (1846 - 1918) established a company
- [By gum: R & J Dick of Greenhead](https://letslookagain.com/2015/11/greenhead-belts-r-j-dick/) - R & J Dick became the largest boot manufacturer in the world. The business established the first national shoe shop chain in Britain. R & J Dick later became the largest manufacturer of industrial belting. Robert and James Dick establish the business Robert Dick (1820 - 1891) and James Dick (1823 - 1902) were the
- [A lot on their plate: Fatty Arbuckle's](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/fatty-arbuckles/) - Fatty Arbuckle's was one of the largest casual dining chains in Britain during the 1990s. Pete Shotton (1941 - 2017) and Bill Turner (died 1993), two friends from Liverpool, opened the first Fatty Arbuckle's outlet in Plymouth in 1983. Shotton had been a member of the Quarrymen alongside John Lennon, later of Beatles fame. Fatty
- [All gone to Pott: a history of Pott's vinegar](https://letslookagain.com/2018/12/all-gone-to-pott-a-history-of-potts-vinegar/) - Pott & Co built what was probably the largest vinegar brewery in Britain, and grew to control 25 percent of the market. Rush family establishment William Rush (1611 - 1668) began to brew vinegar at Castle Street, Southwark, London, from 1641. The premises had previously belonged to a gardener, who had used the land to
- [Dunn & Hewett and the invention of instant cocoa](https://letslookagain.com/2016/08/dunn-hewett-inventor-of-instant-cocoa/) - Daniel Dunn invented instant cocoa powder, and his products were widely imitated. Dunn & Hewett became one of the largest cocoa manufacturers in Britain. Daniel Dunn Daniel Dunn (1773 - 1862) was born at Netherton, Dudley, Worcestershire, to modest circumstances. His blacksmith father taught him the value of honesty, and his mother instilled in him
- [Rocky road: Fox's Biscuits](https://letslookagain.com/2017/08/foxs-biscuits/) - Fox's is best known for the Rocky and Party Rings biscuits. Brandy snaps, its original product, are still sold. Michael Spedding establishes the business Michael Spedding (1834 - 1927) was born to poor circumstances at Marsh, near Huddersfield in Yorkshire. He received just three months of formal education. Spedding found work at a cotton mill
- [Can-do spirit: a history of Farrow's peas](https://letslookagain.com/2015/08/peas-in-our-time-a-history-of-joseph-farrow/) - Farrow & Co ranked as one of the largest industrial concerns in Peterborough. Farrow's marrowfat peas are still sold in Britain. Farrow & Co is established Joseph Farrow Sr (1815 - 1898), was from Dowsdale in Lincolnshire. He established himself as a manufacturer of mushroom ketchup at Parson Drove near Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, from 1840. Mushroom
- [The fruit of enterprise: Pink's jam](https://letslookagain.com/2015/07/the-fruit-of-enterprise-pinks-jam/) - Pink's was the largest producer of jam and marmalade in the world by the late nineteenth century. Edward Pink era Edward Pink (1827 - 1910) was born in Durley, Hampshire. He relocated to London where he served an apprenticeship to a grocer. He established a preserves business in Holborn from 1860. His son, Thomas Pink
- [Why can't you get A1 sauce in the UK?](https://letslookagain.com/2014/10/why-cant-you-get-a1-sauce-in-the-uk/) - The leading brown sauce in Britain is HP. The leading brown sauce in the US is A1. Broadly speaking, A1 is a cross between HP Sauce and Worcestershire Sauce. HP is sharper and thicker, whereas A1 is a little more fruity. You can find the imported American sauce in larger Tesco supermarkets in the UK.
- [Fast facts and vast vats: Hill Evans & Co of Worcester](https://letslookagain.com/2018/08/hill-evans-co-of-worcester/) - Hill Evans was the largest vinegar brewer in Britain for most of the Victorian era. It grew to become the largest vinegar brewery in the world. Hill & Evans Cowell, Crane & Kilpin was established as British Wine manufacturers on Foregate Street, Worcester in the 1760s. William Hill (1788 - 1859), a Wesleyan Methodist from
- [Original sauce: John Burgess & Son of the Strand](https://letslookagain.com/2015/07/john-burgess-son-of-the-strand/) - Burgess' Essence of Anchovies was introduced in 1775, and was the first branded sauce to enjoy a nationwide reputation in Britain. Burgess sauce is still sold. John Burgess introduces Essence of Anchovies John Burgess (1750 - 1820) was born in Odiham, Hampshire, the son of an affluent grocer. Burgess served an apprenticeship in London before
- [Notes on the Carlsberg UK merger with Marston's](https://letslookagain.com/2020/05/notes-on-the-carlsberg-uk-marstons-merger/) - Some initial thoughts on the merger of the businesses of Carlsberg UK and the Marston's Beer Company. On 22 May 2020 it was announced that Carlsberg UK will merge with the brewing arm of Marston's. Carlsberg will control 60 percent of the equity in the venture and Marston's will hold the remainder. The Twittersphere seems
- [The origins of the full English breakfast](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/the-full-english-breakfast/) - The origins of the full English breakfast are more recent than you might expect. Historically, the classic English breakfast pairing was bacon and eggs. Bacon was the staple meat for the agricultural class for hundreds of years, and eggs were available in most homes each morning. As late as the 1950s, an "English breakfast" was
- [The hole story: a history of Dunkin' Donuts in Britain](https://letslookagain.com/2014/03/history-of-dunkin-donuts-in-the-uk/) - Dunkin' Donuts has failed in the British market twice. Will it succeed on its third attempt? 1965 - 1968 Dunkin' Donuts announced plans to establish a chain of 250 shops across Britain in 1965. The first outlet was opened at Ludgate Circus, London in October 1965. The venture was a "flop" according to The Economist,
- [Needlers confectionery](https://letslookagain.com/2015/10/needler-of-hull/) - Needler's was one of the largest regional confectionery firms in Britain. Fred Needler Fred Needler (1865 - 1932) was born in Arnold, a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, about nine miles outside Hull. Needler became general assistant to a small confectioner on Osborne Street, Hull from 1881. His employer was an alcoholic, an
- [Thomas Vaughan & Co of Middlesbrough](https://letslookagain.com/2015/12/thomas-vaughan-co-of-middlesbrough/) - Thomas Vaughan of Middlesbrough was the largest manufacturer of pig iron in the world. Thomas Vaughan (1836 - 1900) was the only son of John Vaughan (1799 - 1868), a partner in Bolckow Vaughan & Co, iron manufacturers of Middlesbrough, North East England. Thomas Vaughan worked at Bolckow & Vaughan. His father gifted him half
- [A history of Donnay Sports](https://letslookagain.com/2014/01/donnay-sports/) - Donnay is best known today as a low-cost clothing brand available from Sports Direct stores. Donnay was established in Belgium in 1913. The business became involved in sporting goods when it began to manufacture wooden tennis rackets from 1934. Donnay was the largest producer of tennis rackets in the world throughout the 1970s. Donnay was
- [Thomas Furness & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2015/10/thomas-furness-co/) - Thomas Furness & Co was one of the largest grocers and provisions merchants in Britain. John Furness (1808 - 1885) was a coal trimmer from Boroughbridge, Yorkshire. He married the daughter of a colliery owner, Averill Easter Wilson, and established a grocer's shop in Hartlepool in 1850. His son, Thomas Furness (1834 - 1905), served apprenticeships in
- [Ship's set sail: Irvine's Shipbuilding Co](https://letslookagain.com/2016/01/ships-set-sail-irvines-shipbuilding-co/) - Irvine & Co, along with William Gray & Co, helped make West Hartlepool a major centre for British shipbuilding. Irvine Currie & Co, shipbuilders, was founded at Hartlepool by Robert Irvine (1824 - 1903) and Alexander Currie in 1863. The first vessel, an iron screw steamer, was launched in 1864. Robert Irvine took full control
- [Where there's muck there's brass: Hammonds Sauce](https://letslookagain.com/2015/08/a-brief-history-of-hammonds-sauce/) - Hammonds Sauce Co was the largest privately-owned sauce manufacturer in Britain. Hammonds became best known for its Chop Sauce, a light and spicy brown sauce. Background Herbert Bowdin Hawley (1880 - 1952) was born in Grassington, Yorkshire, the son of a farmer of 95 acres. Hawley left home at the age of 21 with just
- [Plenty of bottle: Fletcher's Sauce of Selby](https://letslookagain.com/2015/08/fletchers-sauce-co-of-selby/) - Fletcher's was best known for its Tit-Bits and Tiger bottled sauces. Fletchers sauce was sold in Britain into the 1990s. J P Fletcher establishes the business Joshua Percy Fletcher (1879 - 1960) was the son of a prosperous coal merchant in Silsden, West Yorkshire. He had established himself as a drysalter (pickle manufacturer) by 1901. Fletcher initially
- [Appeeling: Frank Cooper's marmalade](https://letslookagain.com/2016/11/frank-coopers/) - Frank Cooper's is one of the best known marmalade brands in Britain. Frank Cooper (1844 - 1927), operated a grocery business on 83-84 High Street, Oxford, formerly the premises of the Angel Hotel. His wife Sarah (1848 - 1932) filled the first jars of Frank Cooper marmalade in 1874, using a recipe from her mother.
- [Horniman: inventor of packaged tea](https://letslookagain.com/2015/03/a-history-of-hornimans-tea/) - Horniman & Co was likely the largest tea firm in the world throughout much of the latter half of the nineteenth century. It was the first tea producer to package the product individually, at a time when tea was bought loose from a grocer. John Horniman introduces packaged tea John Horniman (1804 - 1893) was a Quaker
- [Unravelling the history of the Belfast Ropework Co](https://letslookagain.com/2016/10/unravelled-belfast-ropework/) - The Belfast Ropework Co was the largest ropemaker in the world. W H Smiles establishes the largest ropemaker in the world William Holmes Smiles (1846 - 1904), the son of Self Help author Samuel Smiles (1812 - 1904), acquired a half share in a small Belfast ropewalk (a place where rope is made) in 1871.
- [Bouncing back: Rabbits & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2015/11/bouncing-back-rabbits-co/) - Edward Harris Rabbits established one of the largest shoe factories in the world. His financial backing for Charles Booth helped to establish the Salvation Army. Edward Harris Rabbits Edward Harris Rabbits (1818 - 1874) was born in Frome, Somerset, the son of an agricultural labourer. Edward Rabbits borrowed half a crown and established himself as
- [Cash cow: Maypole Dairy](https://letslookagain.com/2015/05/milking-profits-a-history-of-the-maypole-dairy-co/) - Maypole Dairy was easily the largest retailer in Britain by 1913. The Watson brothers and George Jackson George Watson (1861 - 1930), Charles Henry Watson (1863 - 1927) and John Alfred Watson (1865 - 1931), were brothers born just outside Coventry to a prosperous farming family. They served as apprentices and later as assistants to
- [The rise of Yorkshire Tea](https://letslookagain.com/2014/03/the-rise-of-yorkshire-tea/) - Yorkshire Tea is the second highest-selling tea in Britain, with a 23 percent market share as of 2017. Historically the leading tea brands in Britain have all been owned by large, wealthy corporations. It was argued that these companies had an advantage over small regional concerns due to marketing, distribution and technical expertise, as well
- [Meta post #3: historical context](https://letslookagain.com/2019/10/meta-post-3-historical-context/) - When the media reported on the failure of the Thomas Cook travel company in 2019, I saw a spike in page views for my history of the business. The quality of business news in British broadsheets is generally very good. However what journalists often overlook is the historical context of huge events such as when
- [Wheeler & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2020/03/wheeler-co/) - Wheeler & Co became one of the largest soft drinks producers in Belfast. Walter James Wheeler (1830 - 1890) and Dr Henry Whitaker (1833 - 1912) acquired a chemist's business at 38 Apothecaries Hall, opposite Bridge Street, Belfast, in 1858. Whitaker had previously served as an apprentice pharmacist with Grattan & Co. Wheeler & Whitaker
- [Hell for leather: Pocock Brothers](https://letslookagain.com/2015/12/pocock-brothers/) - Pocock Brothers was the largest boot manufacturer in the world. Thomas Pocock (1791 - 1879) was born in Shoreditch, London. He entered into business as a boot manufacturer and leather merchant from 1815. Pocock was soon assisted by his three sons, Thomas Gotch Pocock (1815 - 1883), Alfred Pocock (1822 - 1887) and Ebenezer Pocock
- [Spice of life: Drysdale Dennison](https://letslookagain.com/2019/05/spice-of-life-drysdale-dennison/) - Drysdale Dennison was the largest importer of pepper into Britain. Wallis & Co was a mustard, chicory (a popular coffee substitute) and spice merchant of 20 Duke Street, London Bridge. The Wallis family were Quakers from Northamptonshire. Andrew Drummond Drysdale (1830 - 1867), originally from Perth in Scotland, was the manager of Wallis & Co by
- [Viennetta: the first branded ice cream dessert](https://letslookagain.com/2014/08/viennetta/) - A look into the background of Wall's Viennetta. Viennetta is produced at the Wall's factory in Gloucester. Wall's is owned by Unilever, the Anglo-Dutch consumer goods giant. Unilever is the largest producer of ice cream in the world, and also manufactures the Magnum, Solero and Ben & Jerry's brands. Sales of Viennetta totalled £328 million
- [Feast your eyes: Batty & Co of London](https://letslookagain.com/2015/02/batty-co/) - Batty & Co of London was a pickle and sauce manufacturer. The business was acquired by Heinz in 1905 as part of their entry into the British market. George Batty (1800 - 1874) was born in Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, to a family with South Yorkshire roots. He moved to London and founded Batty & Co in 1824.
- [The rise of "craft"](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/the-rise-of-craft/) - The notion of craft and premium quality food and drink did not arise from the ether. In this post I attempt to trace its roots in recent history. With the end of post-war rationing in Britain, a range of super-premium restaurants with a focus on local provenance opened in the North West of England. Beginning
- [Edward Manwaring](https://letslookagain.com/2016/08/edward-manwaring-limited/) - Edward Manwaring (1842 - 1884) was born in Burwash, Sussex, the son of an innkeeper. He served an apprenticeship with a grocer who dealt in imported foodstuffs. Manwaring established his own pickles business on Old Kent Road, London in May 1863. He was aided by a £100 loan from the Samuel Wilson Trust. By 1871
- [Soda, so good: W A Ross of Belfast](https://letslookagain.com/2016/07/w-a-ross-of-belfast/) - W A Ross was one of the largest soft drinks manufacturers in Ireland. William Adolphus Ross (1817 - 1900) was born in Dublin, the son of Henry Ross, a banker. W A Ross worked as managing director of the Belfast factory of Cantrell & Cochrane for nine years. The branch became the largest soft drink manufacturer in
- [The acid test: Slee & Co](https://letslookagain.com/2015/08/the-acid-test-slee-co-vinegar-brewers/) - The Slee & Co vinegar works were operated on the same site in London from 1812 until 1992. Slee & Co was founded by Noah Slee at Church Street, Horsleydown, London in 1812. He was soon joined by Josias Slee (1773 - 1829), who emigrated to London from Honiton, Devon. John Vickers joined in partnership from
- [Sauces Reconsidered by Gary Allen](https://letslookagain.com/2019/02/sauces-reconsidered-by-gary-allen/) - I am absolutely delighted to have received a reference citation from Gary Allen in his new book, Sauces Reconsidered. Allen cites my history of Crosse & Blackwell. I am glad that he found it helpful. Sauces Reconsidered is very good, and if you have found my posts on sauces and foods interesting then I can
- [Largest brewery in the world: historic claimants](https://letslookagain.com/2015/06/largest-brewery-in-the-world-historic-claimants/) - In 1750 to 1760, John Calvert of London had the largest brewery in the world. From at least 1780 until 1808 Whitbread of London was the largest brewer in the world. In 1809 Barclay Perkins of Southwark, London became the largest brewer in the world. In 1858 Allsopp & Son erected the largest brewery in the world at
- [Playing ketchup: Geo Watkins](https://letslookagain.com/2016/02/geo-watkins/) - Geo Watkins is the only remaining national producer of mushroom ketchup in Britain. George Watkins founded his grocery business in 1830. The Watkins family were Quakers. A George William Watkins is described as an oilman/Italian warehouseman of 308 Oxford Street, London in 1843. The firm of George Watkins was based at Kentish Town by 1850. The
- [John Hodge Tobacco Co](https://letslookagain.com/2016/09/john-hodge-tobacco-co/) - The John Hodge Tobacco Company was the largest exporter of dark leaf tobacco from the United States. John Henderson Hodge (1852 - 1935) was born in Glasgow in 1852 to James Hodge and Catherine (nee Henderson). His father was a partner in J&T Hodge, which operated a tobacco factory employing four men and 18 boys in 1861. John H
- [Greggs in central London](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/the-failure-of-greggs-to-crack-the-central-london-market/) - Gregg's is nationwide British bakery chain. Why are there so few Greggs outlets in central London? There's certainly no shortage of commuters looking for lunch, or tourists looking for a quick snack. McDonald's, EAT, Pret and Starbucks all maintain a strong presence. Living in the provinces, I have always been impressed by the sheer quantity
- [The British car industry](https://letslookagain.com/2014/08/british-leyland/) - In 1929 France overtook England as the second largest manufacturer of cars in the world. By 1938 car manufacturing was the third largest industry in Britain. By 1952 cars were the largest British export. In 1960 British Motor Corporation was the tenth largest company in the world outside the United States, with annual sales of $969
- [Jaguar 'British Villains' ad](https://letslookagain.com/2014/04/jaguar-british-villains-ad/) - Have you seen the new Jaguar 'British Villains" ad? I first caught it on YouTube, then they showed it on Top Gear, and more recently I've seen it airing in UK cinemas. I like the ad. It's distinctive and has a lot of character, which I think has much to do with the actors hired by Jaguar:
- [Cadbury Dairy Milk](https://letslookagain.com/2014/01/cadbury-dairy-milk/) - Cadbury is the second highest selling confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's chewing gum. Similar to the Coca-Cola Company, much of Cadbury's success has been driven by a single product, the Dairy Milk bar. When someone says Cadbury, you instantly think of Dairy Milk, it's purple packaging, and the famous "glass of milk and
- [A history of the largest tea companies in Britain](https://letslookagain.com/2015/04/a-history-of-the-largest-tea-companies-in-britain/) - The highly competitive nature of the British tea industry has seen a number of different market leaders emerge at different points in time. Horniman & Co was the first company in the world to package tea (as opposed to loose-leaf sales by grocers). By 1867 they claimed to have the largest stock of tea in
- [The marketing of Lea & Perrins](https://letslookagain.com/2013/12/the-marketing-of-worcestershire-sauce/) - There are two key marketing strategies at work behind the almost mythic reputation of Lea & Perrins' Worcestershire sauce. 1.) the "secret" recipe The website states that there is a secret recipe, known only to a "privileged few". Heck, if the secret recipe tactic works for Coca-Cola and KFC, why not us? But the truth
- [W H Smith and Woolworths: a cautionary tale](https://letslookagain.com/2014/01/w-h-smith-and-woolworths-a-cautionary-tale/) - Tired stores, confusion over what the shops sell, high prices. No, it’s not Woolworths, its W H Smith’s. W H Smith currently occupy the position that Woolworths held maybe ten years before its demise. The Smith’s stores desperately need a makeover. Too many of the stores are dirty and untidy, and reminiscent of a jumble
- [Demise of W H Smith?](https://letslookagain.com/2014/07/demise-of-w-h-smith/) - Dowdy, tatty, dirty and unloved stores that increasingly resemble a jumble sale, unmotivated staff and not even good value for money. It sounds like the former Woolworths chain but I was actually describing W H Smith. Commentators have increasingly singled it out as the next potential High Street victim for closure, as shoppers increasingly gravitate
- [Dunkin' Donuts enters the UK market](https://letslookagain.com/2014/03/dunkin-donuts-enters-the-uk-market/) - So Dunkin' Donuts has entered the UK market, with two locations so far, and plans for expansion to 100 outlets in five years. The locations of the first two outlets, Harrow and Chelmsford (with plans for a third in Cambridge) make me feel confident about the chances for the chain's future success in the UK. Not

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